eCosmology

被印在钞上的物理学

Summary: Physicists on the Money Physicists have been honored by having their picture on currency in many countries around the world Some are shown in small images below Click on the colored text to view or down load a larger copy of the image The size of each image is shown in parentheses Abu Nasr Al Farabi 870 950 appears on the 1 Tenge note from Kazakhstan A scholar in many areas including philosophy linguistics logic and music He also wrote about the nature of science and argued for the existence of the vacuum empty space For a brief bio click here 26 K Kristian Birkeland 1867 1917 appears on the Norwegian 200 Kroner note Birkeland was a pioneer in studying the magnetic field of the earth and the aurora borealis He made the suggestion that the aurora were caused by charges emitted by the sun being guided into the earth s atmosphere by the earth s magnetic field An apparatus of his simulating this effect is shown on the bill at the left For a brief bio click here For a great site on the aurora click here 36 K Niels Bohr 1885 1962 appears on the Danish 500 Kroner note Bohr was one of the main architects of the quantum theory the basis of our understanding of the properties of matter He created the first quantized model of the atom the Bohr model and played a major role in developing the modern interpretation of the quantum theory For a brief bio click here 46 K Ruggero Boscovich 1711 1787 appeared on a series of Croatian notes The 25 Dinar is shown here Boscovich made contributions to the theory of orbital mechanics and was one of the first to speculate about the forces between atoms For a brief bio click here 30 K Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1543 appeared on the Polish 1000 Zloty note He was the first modern scientist to propose a model of the solar system in which the sun was at the center circled by the planets moving in orbits but not supported by any invisible crystal spheres He surpressed publication of his work until after his death To read a brief biography and to link to further sites about Copernicus click here 37 K Marie and Pierre Curie Marie 1867 1934 Pierre 1859 1906 appear on the French 500 franc note 45 K They led the discovery and classification of radioactive elements and shared the 1903 Nobel prize for that work Marie Curie won a second Nobel in 1911 for her work on radium Their daughter Irene Joliot Curie also won a Nobel prize Marie Curie also appeared on a Polish 20 000 Zloty note 150 K Democritus about 460 BC 370 BC appears on an old 100 drachma note from Greece He was one of the earliest of the ancient philosophers to describe matter as made up of small indivisible particles atoms moving in empty space For a bio click here 47 K Albert Einstein 1879 1955 appeared on the Israeli 5 pound note The greatest physicist of the twentieth century Einstein not only invented the theories of special relativity behavior of rapidly moving object and general relativity theory of gravitation but made fundamental contributions to the beginnings of quantum theory 47 K For a bio click here Leonhard Euler 1707 1783 the Swiss mathematical physicist appears on the Swiss 10 franc note 65 K He made numerous contributions to mathematical physics including the theory of fluid flow used in studying how to make airplanes fly and the theory of rotations of rigid bodies used in controlling satellites For a bio click here or here Michael Faraday appears on the British 20 pound note Faraday was one of the primary discoverers of the properties of electricity and magnetism and their relationship This work made possible the construction of electric motors and dynamos 30 K Benjamin Franklin 1706 1790 was a pioneer in the field of electricity He first proposed the conservation of electric charge He appears on the American 100 dollar bill 42 K Galileo Gallilei appeared on the Italian 2000 Lire note In some sense he was the first modern scientist He made critical discoveries of how to think about moving bodies 32 K For a bio click here Carl Frederich Gauss appears on the German 10 mark note In addition to his many contributions to mathematics Gauss made important discoveries in the theories of electromagnetism 36 K For a bio click here Christian Huygens 1629 1695 appeans on an out of date 25 guilder note from the Netherlands Huygens was a contemporary of Newton s who made many important discoveries and inventions As a result of improvements that he made to the telescope he was the first to realize that Saturn had rings Galileo thought it was a triple planet He made the first pendulum closk which substantially improved the accuracy of the measurement of time His description of how waves propagate form the basis of modern wave theories For a bio click here Guglielmo Marconi the developer of the first successful radio appears on the Italian 2000 Lire note 28 K Isaac Newton appeared on the British one pound note Newton was probably the greatest physicist in history His work established fundamental elements of the scientific style of inquiry He made major discoveries in the theory of motion our understanding of the nature of light gravitation and the properties of matter 20 K For a bio click here or here Hans Christian Ørsted 1777 1851 appeared on the Danish 100 kroner note He discovered in 1820 that an electric current will deflect a magnetic compass needle This marked the beginning of the unification of electric and magnetic phenomena 125 K Olaf Rømer 1644 1710 appeared on the Danish 50 kroner note He was the first to establish that the speed of light was not infinite He used the anomalies in the occultation of Jupiter s moons to get an estimate of the speed 120 K Ernest Rutherford 1871 1937 appears on the New Zealand 100 dollar note Rutherford and his students performed and interpreted experiments that led to the understanding of atomic structure that most of the mass of the atom is contained in a very small bit in the center the nucleus and that the size of the atom is determined by very light particles the electrons 52 K Erwin Schroedinger appears on the Austrian 1000 Schilling note Schroedinger was one of the primary developers of the quantum theory the theory that explains the properties of matter as arising from the properties of its constituent parts electrons and nuclei The success of this theory has made possible the development of modern electronics including transistors and lasers 48 K Nikola Tesla 1856 1943 was born in Croatia and immigrated to America He contributed to the development of electrical technology Here he is displayed on black and white scan of a 10 Billion Dinar note from the period of the great inflation just before the breakup of Yugoslavia The Europeans call it 10 Milliard In any language that s 1010 A good reason for using scientific notation 96 K Allesandro Volta 1745 1827 constructed the first chemical battery He appears on the Italian 10 000 Lire note 36 K Physicists on the Money Physicists have been honored by having their picture on currency in many countries around the world Some are shown in small images below Click on the colored text to view or down load a larger copy of the image The size of each image is shown in parentheses Abu Nasr Al Farabi 870 950 appears on the 1 Tenge note from Kazakhstan A scholar in many areas including philosophy linguistics logic and music He also wrote about the nature of science and argued for the existence of the vacuum empty space For a brief bio click here 26 K Kristian Birkeland 1867 1917 appears on the Norwegian 200 Kroner note Birkeland was a pioneer in studying the magnetic field of the earth and the aurora borealis He made the suggestion that the aurora were caused by charges emitted by the sun being guided into the earth s atmosphere by the earth s magnetic field An apparatus of his simulating this effect is shown on the bill at the left For a brief bio click here For a great site on the aurora click here 36 K Niels Bohr 1885 1962 appears on the Danish 500 Kroner note Bohr was one of the main architects of the quantum theory the basis of our understanding of the properties of matter He created the first quantized model of the atom the Bohr model and played a major role in developing the modern interpretation of the quantum theory For a brief bio click here 46 K Ruggero Boscovich 1711 1787 appeared on a series of Croatian notes The 25 Dinar is shown here Boscovich made contributions to the theory of orbital mechanics and was one of the first to speculate about the forces between atoms For a brief bio click here 30 K Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1543 appeared on the Polish 1000 Zloty note He was the first modern scientist to propose a model of the solar system in which the sun was at the center circled by the planets moving in orbits but not supported by any invisible crystal spheres He surpressed publication of his work until after his death To read a brief biography and to link to further sites about Copernicus click here 37 K Marie and Pierre Curie Marie 1867 1934 Pierre 1859 1906 appear on the French 500 franc note 45 K They led the discovery and classification of radioactive elements and shared the 1903 Nobel prize for that work Marie Curie won a second Nobel in 1911 for her work on radium Their daughter Irene Joliot Curie also won a Nobel prize Marie Curie also appeared on a Polish 20 000 Zloty note 150 K Democritus about 460 BC 370 BC appears on an old 100 drachma note from Greece He was one of the earliest of the ancient philosophers to describe matter as made up of small indivisible particles atoms moving in empty space For a bio click here 47 K Albert Einstein 1879 1955 appeared on the Israeli 5 pound note The greatest physicist of the twentieth century Einstein not only invented the theories of special relativity behavior of rapidly moving object and general relativity theory of gravitation but made fundamental contributions to the beginnings of quantum theory 47 K For a bio click here Leonhard Euler 1707 1783 the Swiss mathematical physicist appears on the Swiss 10 franc note 65 K He made numerous contributions to mathematical physics including the theory of fluid flow used in studying how to make airplanes fly and the theory of rotations of rigid bodies used in controlling satellites For a bio click here or here Michael Faraday appears on the British 20 pound note Faraday was one of the primary discoverers of the properties of electricity and magnetism and their relationship This work made possible the construction of electric motors and dynamos 30 K Benjamin Franklin 1706 1790 was a pioneer in the field of electricity He first proposed the conservation of electric charge He appears on the American 100 dollar bill 42 K Galileo Gallilei appeared on the Italian 2000 Lire note In some sense he was the first modern scientist He made critical discoveries of how to think about moving bodies 32 K For a bio click here Carl Frederich Gauss appears on the German 10 mark note In addition to his many contributions to mathematics Gauss made important discoveries in the theories of electromagnetism 36 K For a bio click here Christian Huygens 1629 1695 appeans on an out of date 25 guilder note from the Netherlands Huygens was a contemporary of Newton s who made many important discoveries and inventions As a result of improvements that he made to the telescope he was the first to realize that Saturn had rings Galileo thought it was a triple planet He made the first pendulum closk which substantially improved the accuracy of the measurement of time His description of how waves propagate form the basis of modern wave theories For a bio click here Guglielmo Marconi the developer of the first successful radio appears on the Italian 2000 Lire note 28 K Isaac Newton appeared on the British one pound note Newton was probably the greatest physicist in history His work established fundamental elements of the scientific style of inquiry He made major discoveries in the theory of motion our understanding of the nature of light gravitation and the properties of matter 20 K For a bio click here or here Hans Christian Ørsted 1777 1851 appeared on the Danish 100 kroner note He discovered in 1820 that an electric current will deflect a magnetic compass needle This marked the beginning of the unification of electric and magnetic phenomena 125 K Olaf Rømer 1644 1710 appeared on the Danish 50 kroner note He was the first to establish that the speed of light was not infinite He used the anomalies in the occultation of Jupiter s moons to get an estimate of the speed 120 K Ernest Rutherford 1871 1937 appears on the New Zealand 100 dollar note Rutherford and his students performed and interpreted experiments that led to the understanding of atomic structure that most of the mass of the atom is contained in a very small bit in the center the nucleus and that the size of the atom is determined by very light particles the electrons 52 K Erwin Schroedinger appears on the Austrian 1000 Schilling note Schroedinger was one of the primary developers of the quantum theory the theory that explains the properties of matter as arising from the properties of its constituent parts electrons and nuclei The success of this theory has made possible the development of modern electronics including transistors and lasers 48 K Nikola Tesla 1856 1943 was born in Croatia and immigrated to America He contributed to the development of electrical technology Here he is displayed on black and white scan of a 10 Billion Dinar note from the period of the great inflation just before the breakup of Yugoslavia The Europeans call it 10 Milliard In any language that s 1010 A good reason for using scientific notation 96 K Allesandro Volta 1745 1827 constructed the first chemical battery He appears on the Italian 10 000 Lire note 36 K

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